In the traditional police service model, decision-making is primarily held at what levels?

In the traditional police service model, decision-making is primarily concentrated at the management and mid-management levels. This structure is characterized by a hierarchical organization where decisions about policies, procedures, and priorities are made by higher-ranking officers and management teams. These individuals are responsible for overseeing operations, allocating resources, and implementing strategies that guide the daily functions of the police department.

This centralized approach allows for a uniform response to issues and ensures that the actions taken by officers on the street align with the goals and objectives set by the department's leadership. By having experienced and trained personnel at management and mid-management levels making critical decisions, the organization aims to maintain accountability, adherence to policy, and consistency in policing practices across the jurisdiction.

In contrast, while the street level may involve tactical and operational decision-making on individual cases, the broader strategic decisions that shape policing efforts are typically reserved for higher levels of management. Similarly, citizen involvement in decision-making would be more related to community policing aspects rather than the structured command within a traditional model. Junior level personnel are often focused on executing orders rather than making high-level decisions, thus they are not the primary decision-makers in this context.